blockchain

How blockchains actually work: blocks, nodes, consensus, forks and the networks behind the coins you can buy in Iraq. Written for readers who want the mechanics explained plainly, without hype.

Crypto Glossary 100 terms
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Layer 2

A scaling solution built on top of a blockchain, enabling high throughput while fully inheriting the security of the underlying blockchain. Full definition
The DAO Hack of 2016: How It Split Ethereum in Two
September 9, 2026

Mainnet

An independent blockchain running its own network with its own technology and protocol. For example bitcoin and Ethereum. Full definition
Smart Contracts Explained: How They Work and Why They Matter
September 9, 2026

Open Source

A kind of software that is made with its code publicly accessible for all to see and copy, examples are bitcoin and Ethereum. Full definition
What Is Web3? A Clear Guide to the Future of the Internet
September 9, 2026
NFTs and Digital Ownership: An Islamic Perspective
September 9, 2026

Proof-of-Work (PoW)

Proof-of-work (PoW) is a consensus mechanism used in many cryptocurrencies to validate transactions and create new blocks on the blockchain. This process needs a lot of energy. Full definition

Proof-of-Stake (PoS)

An alternative mechanism to PoW that needs much less energy. Miners are not needed, but holders stake coins for a set period, helping validate transactions and earning rewards in return. Full definition